Petroleum and OPEC

    The Organization of Exporting Petroleum Countries (OPEC) with soothes in Vienna (Austria), is an international organization who was created in August of 1960 by 13 of the exporting petroleum countries before the displeasure by the official slope of this, on the part of oil the international. The producer nations deal with which their interests through the OPEC are defended, that it looks for to unify and to coordinate the oil policies of the countries integrate that it. The initiative to create the organization was of Venezuelan minister of Energy and Minas Juan Pablo Perez Alfonso and Petroleum minister and Mineral Recursos of called Saudi Arabia Abdallah Tariki. One looked for to defend the prices of the crude one and to avoid squanders economic of petroleum being a resource that is run out and it cannot renew.

    In the statutes of OPEC we can read its objective that is the one to coordinate and to unify the oil policies between the Member States, with the purpose of to guarantee right and stable prices for the petroleum producers, the efficient, economic and regular supplying from petroleum to the consuming countries and a right yield of the capital of the investors.

    In less grandiloquent words the aim than has OPEC is the one to influence in the prices of petroleum being controlled the production levels, thus obtaining greater economic yield, This way, when sets out it, desboca or shoots the prices of the crude one.
 

    OPEC is integrated by twelve Member States. Five are the founders: Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait and Venezuela. Seven have been integrated the organization: United Ecuador, Qatar, Indonesia, Arab Emirates, Nigeria, Angola and Algeria.

    Also they are countries that being producing of petroleum act like observers since regularly they go to the meetings of OPEC, being Sudan, Kazakhstán, Omán, Egypt and Mexico, Norway, Russia. Some of these countries although are not member of the organization collaborate with the aim of raising the prices.

    The Member States are the owners of 75% of the existence of crude in our planet, and are the providers of 43% of world-wide petroleum approximately.

    Important countries like Great Britain and the United States, being producing of crude made the decision from not entering the organization and they do not sell petroleum through her.

    Often the organization trying to fulfill the objectives for which she was created, is with problems derived from different interests and particular circumstances from the Member States. The countries that count on small petroleum reserves, or those that they have few alternative resources and much population like Iran and Niegeria, or those that have a crude one of first quality like Algeria and Libya, try to secure higher prices in the sale of petroleum.

    The economy of many of the Member States depends almost exclusively on the export of petroleum, reason why a slope in the tariffs would constitute one serious economic crisis for them. In this sense, it would not be necessary to see them like ambitious countries but like countries that try to protect themselves of the very delicate situation in which they would be if it failed his main economic resource to them.  On the other hand, countries with gigantic crude reserves of and small populations as it is the case of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait try to watch with focused point of view more the long term and they do not wish to excessively lift the prices to avoid that they start up or is acted with greater speed in the investigation, development and advance of new technologies and alternative energies like the Aeolian one, geothermal and the lot.